adenosine diphosphate
Definition
Noun: * Adenosine diphosphate (ADP): An important organic compound in metabolism that is the product of ATP dephosphorylation. It is converted back to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for the storage of chemical energy in cells.
Usage
- Adenosine diphosphate is a scientific term used primarily in the fields of biochemistry, cell biology, and physiology.
- It is often discussed in the context of cellular respiration, energy transfer, and metabolic pathways.
- It is typically used in its full form on first mention in a text, after which the abbreviation ADP is commonly used.
Examples
- The hydrolysis of ATP to adenosine diphosphate and inorganic phosphate releases energy that drives cellular work.
- During muscle contraction, ATP is broken down into adenosine diphosphate.
- The enzyme ATP synthase phosphorylates ADP to regenerate ATP.
Advanced Usage
- ADP/ATP cycle: The continuous biochemical cycle of interconversion between adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is fundamental to energy transfer in living organisms.
- ADP-ribosylation: A post-translational modification of proteins involving the transfer of ADP-ribose from NAD+.
Variants and Related Words
- ADP (abbreviation): The standard abbreviation for adenosine diphosphate.
- Adenosine triphosphate (ATP): The high-energy molecule that is synthesized from ADP and phosphate to store energy.
- Adenosine monophosphate (AMP): A nucleotide composed of adenine, ribose, and a single phosphate group.
Synonyms
- Adenosine 5'-diphosphate (systematic IUPAC name)
- There are no common non-scientific synonyms for this precise biochemical compound.
Related Phrases
- Phosphorylation of ADP: The process of adding a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP.
- ATP hydrolysis: The reverse process, where ATP is broken down into ADP and inorganic phosphate, releasing energy.
Noun
-
an ester of adenosine that is converted to ATP for energy storage
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